氮吸附法分析生物质焦孔隙结构

采用氮吸附法对4种生物质焦(稻壳、树叶、玉米秆、棉花秆)的孔隙结构进行测量,结果表明,不同种类焦样的比表面积和孔径分布有明显差别,树叶的比表面积最大,为242.21 m2·g-1,玉米秆的比表面积最小,为0.81 m2·g-1.850℃时,稻壳、树叶、玉米秆焦样的孔径分布曲线在微孔和中孔范围各有一个分布峰,而棉花秆焦样的孔径分布曲线只在中孔范围内出现一个分布峰.热解温度是影响孔隙结构的一个重要因素,在高温条件下,同步热解得到的焦样的比表面积较大,微孔较多.在本研究中,600℃、850℃的稻壳焦样和850℃的树叶焦样具有较大的比表面积,比较适合做吸附剂.     

一种新型微生态保健品在兽医临床中的应用研究

利用一种微生态保健品和3种抗菌素药物，即氟哌酸、氯霉素、庆大霉素在兽医临床上用于治疗仔猪黄白痢，断奶猪的应激性腹泻，肥猪及母猪的腹泻作了对比试验，结果表明：微生态保健品对仔猪黄痢的治愈率为93％，对仔猪白痢的治愈率为95％，对断奶仔猪的应激性腹泻治愈率为94％，对肥猪及母猪的腹泻治愈率为100％。与氟哌酸、庆大霉素的疗效比较，差异显著（P＜0．05）；与氯霉素比较差异极显著（P＜0．01）．     

活性炭吸附痕量银的研究

在静态、动态吸附条件下，分别选用果壳类净水用活性炭和煤质净水用活性炭对胶片工业废水中的痕量银的吸附行为进行了研究．结果表明，废水中的银浓度可降至＜５０ｐｐｂ，活性炭对银的吸附量达到３～５ｍｇ／ｇ．微孔发达的活性炭更适于吸附废水中的痕量银．随着银液浓度的升高，银液量增大，活性炭吸附能力增加．银液的最佳吸附ｐＨ值是５．     

牦牛放牧率对小嵩草高寒草甸不同植物类群地上生物量生产率的影响

2年的牦牛放牧试验表明:除不同植物本身的生理特性外,降水和地温是影响小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场不同植物类群地上生物量绝对生长率的关键因素。小嵩草高寒草甸两季草场地上总生物量的绝对生长率1999年在7月份最大;1998年,冷季草场各放牧处理的绝对生长率在8月份达到最大,暖季草场的对照组和轻牧组在7月份最大,中牧组和重牧组在8月份最大。不同植物类群地上生物量生长率的变化不尽相同。1998年,冷季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,暖季草场禾草和莎草地上生物量的绝对生长率7月份达到最大,且9月份出现了营养的再次积累;1999年,冷季草场禾草地上生物量的绝对生长率在6月份和8月份出现了两个峰值,暖季草场禾草地生物量的绝对生长率在7月份达到最大。对杂草类而言,1998年冷季草场的绝对生长率6月份最大,暖季草场重牧组的绝对生长率8月份达到最大,其他各处理7月份达到最大;1999年重牧组杂草的绝对生长率在6月份达到最大,其他各处理杂草在8月份达到最大。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮修饰碳糊电极法测定水中苯酚

提出了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（ＰＶＰｒ）修饰碳糊电极测定水中苯酚的方法．在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ的酚试液中开路富集后，在磷酸盐缓冲液介质（ｐＨ５．６）中溶出，用微分脉冲伏安法测定，苯酚的溶出峰电位为＋０．７３Ｖ（Ａｇ－ＡｇＣｌ参比电极），检测限为０．０５μｇ／Ｌ．应用该法测定了废水中苯酚的含量，并讨论了该法测定苯酚的影响因素，比较了几种修饰电极测定苯酚的灵敏度，探讨了苯酚在该修饰电极上的富集机理     

关中地区几种苜蓿地上生物量初步研究

对5个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种的地上生物量形成规律进行了初步研究.结果表明:苜蓿生物量的增长速率不仅与本身生理特性有关,而且与环境密切相关;株高在分枝末期现蕾初期增长速度快.绝对生长速率与相对生长速率在分枝末期现蕾期都较大,此时的水分管理具有重要意义;不同苜蓿品种的群落结构大多为菱形;同化系统与非同化系统的比值随高度的增加而减少.     

Capnographic documentation of nasoesophageal and nasogastric feeding tube placement in dogs

Objective: To evaluate the ability of capnography to document proper placement of nasoesophageal (NE) and nasogastric (NG) feeding tubes. This study was conducted in 3 phases. Phase I of this study was designed in order to test the efficacy of capnography to distinguish placement of a feeding tube in the alimentary tract versus the respiratory tract. Phase II was designed in order to document that carbon dioxide (CO₂) could be measured through a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tube. Phase III was performed in order to evaluate the technique of continuous monitoring during insertion of the feeding tube into the esophagus and stomach as would be performed during a clinical‐tube placement. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: 24 adult dogs. Interventions: In Phase I, sedated dogs were instrumented with an intratracheal catheter and an 8 French feeding tube placed nasally into the distal esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase II, dogs were anesthetized and an 8 French feeding tube was placed down the endotracheal tube, then into the esophagus and later advanced into the stomach. In Phase III, sedated dogs were instrumented with an 8 French feeding tube inserted intranasally and then advanced to the level of the nasopharynx, distal esophagus and, lastly, the stomach. Fluoroscopy was used in order to determine location of the feeding tube. Measurements and main results: Phase I measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the trachea, esophagus, and stomach and pH of gastric fluid sample. Phase II measurements included respiratory rate and CO₂ from the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the endotracheal tube, feeding tube in the distal esophagus, and feeding tube in the stomach. Phase III data collection included respiratory rate and CO₂ as the tube was passed through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus and stomach. Phase I fluid samples were collected from 5 of the 9 dogs and had pH values from 1.68 to 4.20. In both phases, values for the respiratory rate and CO₂ from the esophagus and stomach were 0 ± 0, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the values from the trachea. In Phase II, there was no significant difference between the respiratory rates (P = 0.886) and CO₂ (P = 0.705) readings obtained from the endotracheal tube compared to readings from the feeding tube in the endotracheal tube. In Phase III, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the respiratory rates and CO₂ readings obtained from the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx when compared to those readings obtained from the esophagus and stomach. Measurement of CO₂ and respiratory rate resulted in a reading of 0 every time the feeding tube was in the esophagus or stomach. Conclusions: Capnography may be used in order to detect airway placement of NE and NG tubes.     

生物质液体燃料发展方向与对策探讨

阐明了开发生物质液体燃料是解决石油短缺和环境污染的有效途径之一。分析了我国液体燃料市场和生物质资料的现状和发展趋势，提出了我国生物质液体燃料的发展方向和相应的对策。     

微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)分批发酵模型的建立

在本文中，以本实验优化好的工艺条件，建立了关于微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶分批发酵的数学模型方程细胞生长的动力学方程、产物合成的动力学方程和底物消耗的动力学方程。并对所建立的动力学方程进行了生物统计分析，结果表明所建立的模型具有一定的可信度。     

永丰草地的类型及其生产力评估

本文描述了甘肃省天祝县永丰草地的主要草地类型、生产能力及利用模式。研究工作显示,草地改良措施,对不同植被的生物量分布,将产生显著的效果。灌溉和施肥,将促进河谷草甸的地下生物量向地上生物量的转化过程。灌溉可使河谷草甸中禾草组分的增加超过50％,使产草量增加50％～100％。上年秋天和当年春天土壤的含水量,是全年产草量的决定因素,其对产草量的重要性超过全年平均降水量的影响。除了植被组分、产草量的变化外,河谷草地在可消化粗蛋白、可消化能、代谢能等方面也有重大变化,9月份与4月份相比,这三项指标分别高出376％、86％和86％。不同年龄组的绵羊饲料消耗显示,7岁羊的饲料消耗是10月龄羊的17倍;但是7岁羊的胴体重量仅是10月龄羊的2倍。根据永丰滩草地、饲草、家畜的这些特点,当地的畜牧业,不应当在毫无经济意义的情况下,保持太多的牲畜头数,优化畜产品生产的最好方法,就是实行季节畜牧业。季节畜牧业(其中繁殖母羊数达67％)与其他草地改良措施相结合,将使该地区单位面积上的绵羊的产肉量提高4.9倍。